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流量劫持罪名認(rèn)定的困境與紓解——基于數(shù)據(jù)安全法益的視角
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
許瀚文
甘肅政法大學(xué)涉外法治學(xué)院
摘要: 流量劫持不僅會(huì)因破壞市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)秩序被反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法規(guī)制,還有可能因參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)黑灰產(chǎn)業(yè)犯罪而落入刑法范疇。基于行為復(fù)雜與主體多元的特性,流量劫持的罪名認(rèn)定存在計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪與財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪兩種典型觀點(diǎn),其背后反映出虛擬財(cái)產(chǎn)法益、網(wǎng)絡(luò)秩序法益與系統(tǒng)安全法益的取舍。基于流量劫持行為過程和應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景的考量,其本質(zhì)應(yīng)為對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)或應(yīng)用程序的數(shù)據(jù)通信行為加以非法控制,侵害了數(shù)據(jù)安全法益。破壞計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)罪所保護(hù)的數(shù)據(jù)安全法益,與流量劫持的侵害法益趨同,具有適用的可行性與必要性;同時(shí)需要對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)、應(yīng)用程序、干擾等入罪要件進(jìn)行刑法教義學(xué)釋義。
中圖分類號(hào):D922文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2024.03.008
引用格式:許瀚文.流量劫持罪名認(rèn)定的困境與紓解[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2024,43(3):49-54.
The dilemma and relief of traffic hijacking offense determination ——Based on the perspective of the legal benefits of data security
Xu Hanwen
School of Foreign Affairs and Law,Gansu University of Political Science and Law
Abstract: Traffic hijacking is not only regulated by the anti unfair competition law for destroying the order of market competition, but also may fall into the scope of criminal law for participating in the crime of network black ash industry. Based on the complexity of the behavior and the characteristics of multiple subjects, there are two typical views on the determination of the crime of traffic hijacking, namely, computer crime and property crime, which reflect the trade offs between the legal benefits of virtual asset, the legal benefits of online order and the legal benefits of system safety.Based on the consideration of the behavioral process and applications of traffic hijacking, its essence shall be to unlawfully control the behavior of application program or data communication of the computerized information system, which infringes on the legal interests of data security. The legal interests of data security protected by the crime of damaging computer information systems are convergent with those infringed upon by traffic hijacking, and the application is feasible and necessary,at the same time, it is necessary to carry out a jurisprudential interpretation of the elements of incrimination, such as data, application programs and interference.
Key words : traffic hijacking; data security; system security; interference; application program

引言

隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及和數(shù)字化進(jìn)程的加速,流量劫持所造成的社會(huì)危害性日益凸顯,成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全領(lǐng)域的重要議題。數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)下的流量與收益直接掛鉤,一旦本屬于某些經(jīng)營(yíng)者的流量被惡意轉(zhuǎn)移,其盈利能力必將大幅削弱;而且流量劫持人為設(shè)置消費(fèi)者與網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)直接聯(lián)系的障礙,使得消費(fèi)者自愿或者被迫放棄目標(biāo)搜索頁面,進(jìn)而提高了搜索信息的成本。正因如此,流量劫持行為出現(xiàn)之初,因其違反了公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的原則,主要由《中華人民共和國(guó)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》進(jìn)行規(guī)制。然而,流量劫持嚴(yán)重?fù)p害公民個(gè)人信息安全、財(cái)產(chǎn)安全和社會(huì)秩序,因此具有刑法規(guī)制的必要性。2015年,上海市浦東新區(qū)人民法院對(duì)付宣豪、黃子超破壞計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)案作出入刑的判決以來,流量劫持的刑法定性與量刑規(guī)則引起了刑法學(xué)界和實(shí)務(wù)部門的關(guān)注。基于此,本文從數(shù)據(jù)安全法益的視角出發(fā),對(duì)流量劫持的罪名認(rèn)定進(jìn)行深入研究,通過對(duì)流量劫持的行為解構(gòu)和類型化進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述,立足對(duì)相關(guān)罪名的檢視和法益溯因分析,提出數(shù)據(jù)安全法益視角下流量劫持罪名的紓困路徑,以期對(duì)流量劫持的刑法定性與規(guī)制有所裨益。


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作者信息:

許瀚文

甘肅政法大學(xué)涉外法治學(xué)院,甘肅蘭州730070


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