摘要： 在車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中，過(guò)高的車輛密度會(huì)造成信道擁塞，信道擁塞的發(fā)生會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響協(xié)同車輛安全系統(tǒng)的性能。針對(duì)此問(wèn)題，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種基于車聯(lián)網(wǎng)信道負(fù)載預(yù)測(cè)的擁塞控制策略(Congestion Control Strategy based on Channel Load Prediction，C2SLP)。該策略分為3個(gè)模塊，首先使用載波偵聽(tīng)多址訪問(wèn)協(xié)議中的檢測(cè)功能獲取信道閑忙狀態(tài)進(jìn)行負(fù)載評(píng)估，然后將所得結(jié)果代入自回歸移動(dòng)平均模型(Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average，ARIMA)對(duì)下一時(shí)刻的信道負(fù)載值進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，最后將所得負(fù)載預(yù)測(cè)值與預(yù)設(shè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值進(jìn)行比較，根據(jù)對(duì)比結(jié)果使用功率控制算法調(diào)整傳輸功率，實(shí)現(xiàn)提前避免信道擁塞。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，C2SLP將信道占有率穩(wěn)定在0.6左右，傳輸時(shí)延穩(wěn)定在30 ms左右，明顯優(yōu)于UBRCC算法，C2SLP在控制信道擁塞的同時(shí)有效減少傳輸時(shí)延，確保數(shù)據(jù)包可靠發(fā)送，滿足車輛安全應(yīng)用需求。
中圖分類號(hào)： TN915.03 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： A DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.211996 中文引用格式： 楊戈，朱永豪. 基于負(fù)載預(yù)測(cè)的車聯(lián)網(wǎng)信道擁塞控制策略[J].電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用，2022，48(3)：64-67，72. 英文引用格式： Yang Ge，Zhu Yonghao. Congestion control strategy of VANET channel based on load prediction[J]. Application of Electronic Technique，2022，48(3)：64-67，72.
Congestion control strategy of VANET channel based on load prediction
Yang Ge1，2，Zhu Yonghao1
1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Multimedia Technology，Beijing Normal University(Zhuhai Campus)，Zhuhai 519087，China； 2.Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University，Zhuhai 519087，China
Abstract： In the VANET, excessively high vehicle density will cause channel congestion, and the occurrence of channel congestion will seriously affect the performance of the cooperative vehicle safety system. Aiming at this problem, a C2SLP congestion control strategy based on the prediction of vehicle network channel load is designed. The strategy is divided into three steps. Firstly, use the detection function in the carrier-sensing multiple access protocol to obtain the busy and busy status of the channel, and perform load evaluation according to the proportion of the busy time of the channel. Then the obtained results are substituted into the autoregressive moving average model to predict the next channel load value at the moment. Finally the obtained load prediction value is compared with the preset standard value, and the power control algorithm is used to adjust the transmission power according to the comparison result to avoid channel congestion in advance. The simulation experiment results show that this strategy can stabilize the channel occupancy at about 0.6 and the transmission delay at about 30 ms. Compared with the UBRCC algorithm，this strategy can effectively reduce the transmission delay while controlling channel congestion, ensure the reliable transmission of data packets, and meet the requirements of vehicle safety applications.
Key words : VANET；load evaluation；load forecasting；power control
目前，5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了全面部署，VANET(Vehicle Ad hoc Network)車聯(lián)網(wǎng)成為了各國(guó)家重點(diǎn)發(fā)展方向。2020年，歐盟、美國(guó)、俄羅斯等都將車聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展作為國(guó)家重點(diǎn)扶持項(xiàng)目，將車聯(lián)網(wǎng)全面部署作為國(guó)家重大目標(biāo)。同樣地，我國(guó)也已經(jīng)將車聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為國(guó)家重點(diǎn)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行研究和推進(jìn)，正在重點(diǎn)發(fā)展車聯(lián)網(wǎng)的自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)和輔助駕駛技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的研究[1-7]。
